LATITUDE, LONGITUDE & TIME
NCERT notes ( Study Material ) on of import topics for the UPSC civil services exam. These notes volition too hold upward useful for other competitive exams like, UPSC Civil Services, State Civil Services exams, Bank PO, SSC as well as so on. ( Check Other NCERT Notes Here )
LATITUDE
- Latitudes are angles measured from the centre of the Earth.
- Latitudes are lines drawn parallel to the equator.
- The longest is on equator, whose Latitude is zero. While, at the poles ( - at 90°N as well as 90°S ), the circle shrinks to a point.
- No house on basis tin get got Latitude to a greater extent than than 90°.
- Each marking is subdivided into sixty mins as well as each men into sixty sec. ( 1° latitude = sixty minutes ), too ( 1° Latitude = 111km ).
- The presentation of latitude
Equator = 0° latitude,
North Pole = 90°N,
South Pole = 90°S,
Tropic of Cancer = 23½°N
Tropic of Capricorn = 23½°S
Arctic circle = 66½°N, and
Antarctic circle = 66½°N.
LINES OF LATITUDE
The imaginary horizontal lines on the glove afterwards called lines of latitude.
LONGITUDE
- A longitude is an angular distance of a house from the centre of the Earth.
- These are measured to either East or West to the Prime meridian ( or 0° longitude ).
- It plays an of import utilisation inwards determining local fourth dimension inwards relation to Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT ).
- At equator 1° longitude = 111 km, 30°N or 30°S = 96.5 km as well as goes on decreasing this means until it is zippo at poles.
- Earth moves close xv degrees every sixty minutes - After 24 hours, it has completed a amount circle rotation of 360 degrees ( 1hr = 15° & 4 min = 1° ).
- Hence, planet is divided into 24 sections or fourth dimension zones. Each fourth dimension zone is xv degrees of longitude wide.
LINES OF LONGITUDE
Imaginary lines from North to South betwixt the poles is known every bit lines of latitude.
Note: All latitudes are parallel to each other whereas no longitude is parallel to each other, they have maximum distance at equator ( 111.33 km ) and zero at poles.
ANTIPODAL POINT
180° meridian ( International Date Line ) lies just reverse to 0° meridian ( Prime Meridian ). Such points are known every bit antipodal points.
LONGITUDE AND TIME
- Longitude as well as Time are closely related to each other due to the Earth's rotation on its axis. As the basis rotates, every house has its dissimilar sunset, sunrise as well as noon time.
- 1 hr is 15°, hence, if 2 given places are located 15° apart inwards the East as well as the West of each other, as well as so the divergence inwards their fourth dimension volition hold upward 1 hour.
NOON
When the Sun is at its highest dot inwards the sky, it is noon. The shadow is shortest at noon.
LOCAL TIME
- The watches of a house is laid at 12 O’clock when they are just below the sun, that is, when the Sun is highest inwards the sky. The fourth dimension indicated past times these watches are local time.
- All places located at a detail business of longitude get got same local time.
STANDARD TIME
- When the local fourth dimension of a fundamental house is taken every bit the fourth dimension for the whole country, it is called touchstone fourth dimension of that province or that area.
- The whole populace is divided into 24 touchstone fourth dimension zones - Each zone is separated past times 15° longitude or past times 1 hr ( 1° = 4 min ).
- Larger countries get got to adopt several fourth dimension zones - Russian Federation currently has xi fourth dimension zones.
INDIAN STANDARD TIME ( IST )
- In India, the longitude of 82°30’E passing through Naini, Allahabad is considered the touchstone meridian.
- When it is noon on this longitude, the fourth dimension is taken noon for the whole country.
GREENWICH MEAN TIME ( GMT )
- In lodge to hold international uniformity, 1 uniform time, corresponding to the Prime meridian, is adopted past times all countries.
- This is called Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT ), that passes through Greenwich Observatory situated inwards London ( Britain ).
- It is the starting dot of every time.
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
- The business at which a twenty-four hours is lost or gained is called the international Date Line.
- One who is crossing the appointment business from West to East repeats a twenty-four hours as well as travellers crossing it from East to West lose a day.
- This business ( 180° ) deviates at Fiji, Soma as well as Gilbe isle to avoid inconvenience to the travellers.
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